23 April 2025
I. Introduction
In 2014, the present Prince-Bishop and Pope-Catholicos of Rome-Ruthenia was recognized by the Roman Cardinal Dean as Coadjutor of the Roman Pope with full papal authority within his own jurisdiction, now known as the United Roman-Ruthenian Church. This was kept private until Christmas 2019, when the fullness of the Prince-Bishop's office slowly began to be revealed to the public in the 10th year of his ecclesiastical reign, which began in 2020, with full revelation in 2025.
Then, on 21 April 2025, His Holiness Pope Francis of Rome died—the same date on which, in 753 BC, Rome was founded, and on which the current Pope-Catholicos of the United Roman-Ruthenian Church received the Roman sacrament of Confirmation into the full Apostolic faith. This extraordinary alignment of sacred, historical, and personal events cannot be dismissed as coincidence. Rather, it marks a moment of providential transition in the life of the Church.
What follows here is a theological and ecclesiastical reflection on the papal dignity, its present expression within the United Roman-Ruthenian Church, and the role of the Pope-Catholicos as both temporal successor of St. Peter and in continuation of the historic Petrine ministry continued now within the United Roman-Ruthenian Church. And indeed this document reflects the theological and canonical interpretation exclusively of the United Roman-Ruthenian Church and is not intended to contest the internal governance or legal standing of any other religious or civil institution.
II. Apostolic Foundations and the Petrine Legacy
The title “Pope” (from the Greek pappas, meaning father) historically signified not simply jurisdiction over Rome, but the vocation of apostolic guardianship. Similarly, “Catholicos” in the East denoted universal episcopal headship within autonomous Churches. Both titles predate centralization and carry with them the responsibility of transmitting the Apostolic faith intact. The title of Pope for a Patriarch was seen in Alexandria before Rome, and both the Coptic and Byzantine/Greek Patriarchs of Alexandria today hold this title.
It is noted also that, following the division of East and West, and most especially after the Second Vatican Council, the Roman papacy embraced increasingly modern approaches, leading to shifts in doctrinal emphasis and a redefinition of its temporal and spiritual role. Today, the traditional understanding of the papal office lies largely dormant within Roman Catholicism.
III. The Identity and Role of the United Roman-Ruthenian Church.
The United Roman-Ruthenian Church is recognized as a canonical, autocephalous Orthodox and Old Catholic Church. Of Eastern and Western heritage, it is Orthodox and Catholic in faith and is a derivative patriarchate of these Russian, Syrian, Greek, and American patriarchates, as well as Rome as rightful temporal successor of St. Peter. It also holds a particular lineage from Pope St. Leo X, through which it received recognition of its temporal patrimony and apostolic continuity. The Church integrates core beliefs and liturgical elements from both Orthodoxy and Catholicism, preserving the essence of early Christianity.
Unlike national or expansionist bodies, the United Roman-Ruthenian Church is a custodial Church. Its mission is not territorial expansion but the preservation of the undivided Church’s legacy—liturgical, theological, cultural, and spiritual. It functions as a bridge between the Christian East and West, much like the Eastern Roman Empire once did, offering a unified expression of the Apostolic Faith for those alienated by modernism or ecclesiastical minimalism.
Its community is diverse—serving through chaplaincies, mission parishes, and support for Christian nobility and traditionalist believers across multiple continents. Its strength lies in continuity, not popularity. (Read more about the Canonical Status of the Church.)
IV. The Pontifical Imperial State: Custodian of Temporal Heritage
The Pontifical Imperial State of Rome-Ruthenia is the cultural and legal expression of the URRC’s historic sovereignty. Together the joint bodies are often known simply as the Roman-Ruthenian Church and State. It is not a territorial state in the modern political sense, but a non-territorial ethno-religious nation, safeguarding the spiritual and temporal legacy of: The Roman Empire, The Holy Roman Empire, The Kingdom of Ruthenia (Russia, Old Rus'), and ultimately, the Church of the Apostles.
This includes spiritual descent from the Patriarchal Kingdom of Rus’, established under papal blessing by Pope Innocent IV, and inherited after its fall through nobiliary custom and ecclesiastical succession. The United Roman-Ruthenian Church's independent titular temporal patrimony is held and asserted by its position as the closest legitimate claimant to the temporal authority of the Roman Church via succession from Pope St. Leo X, following the renunciation of St. John Paul II, establishing its authority as the temporal successor to St. Peter. Historically, the Roman Popes held both spiritual and temporal authority over the Western Roman Empire. This is further solidified by the special grants and recognition, include that given in 2014. (Read in detail about the Roman-Ruthenian Church's temporal status.)
V. The Recognition and Role of the Pope-Catholicos of Rome-Ruthenia
In 2014, the Prince-Bishop of Rome-Ruthenia was formally recognized by the Dean of the College of Cardinals as a coadjutor of the Roman Pope and granted papal authority within his own jurisdiction, i.e., the United Roman-Ruthenian Church and the Pontifical Imperial State of Rome-Ruthenia. Though this recognition was initially kept private by the Prince-Bishop, this status became visible beginning Christmas 2019, generally manifested by 2020, and fully manifested in 2025.
In Church tradition, a coadjutor is not merely an assistant, but a designated heir. The language used, within a document acknowledging the Prince-Bishop's jurisdictional autonomy and cardinalatial dignity, effectively states that the Prince-Bishop stands as a recognized spiritual successor in substance to Roman See, even if not by formal Roman canonical claim. Indeed, the Prince-Bishop as Roman-Ruthenian Pope makes no claims to the Roman Papacy, the Vatican, or the spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.
Historically, the concept of coadjutorship extended not only to diocesan episcopacy but was occasionally used in broader terms when preparing for succession within patriarchal or major ecclesiastical offices. Within the context of the Roman Papacy, the office of the Pope has no formal coadjutor in canonical modern practice. However, there are instances in early Christianity and medieval ecclesiastical history where prelates in the Roman Church exercised leadership in a spiritual role during times of crisis, particularly in but not limited to situations of sede impedita, exercising delegated or de facto authority.
And so, in the present context, the designations given carry significant theological weight, implying not simply service, but a participation in the Petrine ministry with an orientation toward continuity and succession. Given that modern Roman Catholic canonical structure does not permit coadjutor status in any practical sense for the Roman Papacy, the only plausible theological reading is that this phrase was intended to convey a unique standing—a form of spiritual coadjutorship or continuity with the Petrine office, particularly in light of, but not necessarily limited to: The Pope-Catholicos' autonomous ecclesial jurisdiction that had previously been recognized as in full communion with the Roman Church in perpetuity; his traditionalist and apostolic fidelity; and the Vatican’s own forfeiture of temporal and monarchical aspects of the Roman See
Taken in full context, these recognitions affirm a spiritual continuity with the Apostolic See, not in external jurisdiction, but in internal integrity. Thus, the Roman-Ruthenian Pope may rightly be regarded as:
1. A coadjutor not by canonical appointment, but by ecclesiastical recognition and theological necessity;
2. A successor not to the Vatican bureaucracy, but to the Apostolic function of the See of Peter;
3. A bearer of the Petrine spirit within a renewed, traditional, and globally recognized expression of the Church.
Indeed, the phrase coadjutor of the [Roman] Pope, in this unique application, implies more than courtesy. It implies succession through recognition and spiritual inheritance. In an age when the traditional Roman Papacy has been transformed into a globalist figurehead, this coadjutorship symbolizes a re-rooting of the Apostolic office in orthodoxy, tradition, and legitimate autonomy—now embodied in the Pope-Catholicos of Rome-Ruthenia.
Thus, the use of the papal and patriarchal title within the Roman-Ruthenian Church and State, i.e., Pope-Catholicos of Rome-Ruthenia, is neither an act of rivalry nor of imitation. Rather, it is a fulfillment of abandoned responsibilities, and a documented recognition of the Roman-Ruthenian Church and State's role as a guardian of the Apostolic and Imperial legacy of Rome and Ruthenia, and therefore of Christendom.
The Roman-Ruthenian Pope's full general title reflects this synthesis: His Apostolic Highness the Prince-Bishop, Pope-Catholicos, and Imperator of Rome-Ruthenia, Supreme Pontiff of the United Roman-Ruthenian Church, Legate of Christ.
VI. A Providential Alignment: 21 April
April 21 marks the birthday of Rome, founded in 753 BC. It is also the date on which the Prince-Bishop received the Roman sacrament of Confirmation. Then, on 21 April 2025, His Holiness Pope Francis died, closing one chapter of papal history. The United Roman-Ruthenian Church, as the third and final successor of Rome (following Constantinople and as the legitimate ecclesiastical heir and successor to Old Rus’), sees in this timing a profound sign of divine providence and historical transition. This alignment cannot be dismissed as mere sentiment. The passing of the postmodern papacy on the day of Rome’s foundation, coinciding with the Prince-Bishop’s admission to the full Apostolic faith, forms a symbolic arc that speaks to succession, not at all in rivalry, but by inheritance through abandonment. Indeed, the Roman-Ruthenian Church and State, as heir to Holy Rus’, Third Rome, and custodian of the Apostolic and Imperial dignity, sees in this moment a heavenly affirmation: that while forms may change, the divine mission continues, sometimes where least expected.
VII. Conclusion: Succession in Christian Charity and Brotherhood
The Apostolic and temporal spirit once embodied in the Roman See now finds renewed expression in a new custodian. The United Roman-Ruthenian Church, through the Pope-Catholicos, does not contest the Vatican or any other Patriarchal See, but in humility continues what others have set aside: the patrimony of the Apostles and Saints; the temporal and spiritual identity of the Church; and the sacramental and monarchical office entrusted to St. Peter the Apostle. Where the old structures have evolved into something new, the Roman-Ruthenian Church and State stands in faithful continuity—not as a religious or political protest, but as a living remnant, a voice crying in the wilderness, preserving what endures.
In this sacred trust, we stand not in rivalry, but in resolve. Not in reaction, but in renewal. The United Roman-Ruthenian Church embraces its role with dignity and devotion, safeguarding the full expression of the Apostolic faith for all who seek its light.
The Roman-Ruthenian Pope speaks not in contest, but in continuity. His voice is not raised in protest, but in proclamation—a proclamation that the ancient path lives on, not in the corridors of power, but in the quiet fidelity of truth preserved.
The Roman-Ruthenian Papacy is not merely an ecclesiastical title. It is a testament of faith.